The efficient operating range of a universal

joint is about 1-4. When this range is exceeded, the universal joint vibrate excessively. This is caused by the universal joint speeding up and slowing down as it rotates. It is a normal operating characteristic of a universal joint, and is minimized by using the front universal joint to cancel out the rear universal joint. However, this will only work if the universal joint operating angle does not exceed 5 degrees. As the angle increases, the speed fluctuation of the universal joint, as it rotates, rises beyond acceptable limits. Because of this, universal joints are not used on front wheel drive axles. Considering front wheel drive vehicles use the drive wheels to steer the vehicle, the axle shaft must be able to transfer torque at a constant speed, over a wide range of angles. In addition, the axle shaft must be able extend and retract, as the suspension reacts to the road surface. CV joints are installed on the drive axle to provide torque to the drive wheels, at a constant rotational speed, as well as allow the axle to change lengths, with the movement of the suspension.

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